Hookworms

Ancylostoma- imported worm.

Uncinaria Stenocephala 

• Direct life cycle.
• Eggs in faeces.
• L1-L3 with warmth and moisture.
• Small intestine.

Life Cycle

• L3 infective.
• Ingestion with/without migration. 
• Subcutaneous infection.
• Migration-> penetrate buccal mucosa and travel via the lungs and blood to the small intestine.
• PPP= 15 days. 

Pathogenesis

• Anaemia, weight loss and diarrhoea. 
• Kenneled dog. 
• Pedal dermatitis due to repeated L3 exposure. 

Treatment 

• BZ treatment. 
• Dry conditions and treat runs. 

Ancylostoma

• Dogs & foxes. Imported dogs.
• L3 ingested with/without migration.
• Skin penetration. 
• L3 in milk reservoir of infection in the bitch (dormant L3).
• Severe puppy anaemia. 
• Hypobiosis in the bitch tissues. 

Bunostomum

• B.Phlebotomum cattle (also sheep).
• Percutaneous/oral inf.
• Oral not followed by pulmonary migration.
• PPP= 1-2 months.
• Light infection and anaemia >300 worms.

Strongyloides

Ruminants, pigs, horses and dogs.

Transmammary in the young animal.

Free living/parasitic stags.

• Build up in warm, dark and moist environments.
• Percutaneous infection.
• Female only= parasitic.
• L1/larvated eggs in faeces. L3 infective.
• 15 day PPP. 

Switch= adverse environment. Alternate switch= host immunity or overcrowding. 

Cause diahorrea and weight loss. 

Treat-> BZ.